๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ”ฌ Science/๐Ÿ“ป Signal

CNN & IR-UWB radar (during sleep๐Ÿ˜ด)

 

์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ

S.H. Choi, H. Y (2023), "Convolutional Neural Networks for the Real-Time Monitoring of Vital Signs Based on Impulse Radio Ultrawide-Band Radar during Sleep", MDPI

 

์ƒ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ.

๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ ->  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ long-term ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Real-time ์—์„œ์˜ RR, HR์„ ์ธก์ •

Clutter*๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ •

 

์„ ํƒ๋œ UWB ์ฑ„๋„ index์˜ 1์ฐจ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ & ์—ฐ์† wavelet ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ 2์ฐจ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ

=> CNN ๋ชจ๋ธ์— input์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ. 

 

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ : ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ 30๊ฐœ ์ธก์ •์น˜ (training 10, validation 5, testing 15๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”)

RR, HR์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3.67, 4.78


CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)

 

 

ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์€ ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต ํผ์…‰ํŠธ๋ก *์œผ๋กœ์„œ filtering ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ธต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ,

ํ–‰๋ ฌ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•.

๊ตฌ์กฐ : Convolution layer - Pooling layer - Connected layer

์—ฐ์‚ฐ : ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—ฐ์‚ฐ (ํ–‰๋ ฌ ๊ณฑ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ)

 

 

Perceptron (Perception + Neuron)

 

์ธ๊ณต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ (์ธ๊ณต ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ)

๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์น˜์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ

๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜*์ž…๋ ฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹น sumํ•œ ๊ฐ’ -> ํ™œ์„ฑํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒ๋‹จ

๊ฐ’ > ์ž„๊ณ„์น˜(๋ณดํ†ต 0), ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” -> ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’ 1 ์ถœ๋ ฅ (์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 0)


 

Radio Signal์€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ , chest wall์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ modulation์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ป์–ด์ง

(ex) user count detection, localization, gesture recognition)

Shyu et al. Heart beat & Breath info๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, intrinsic 2-layer mode ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ energy funtion์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ ์งธ valley peak๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ

Zhang et al. IR-UWB radar๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ vital sign์˜ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ harmonic multiple-loop ์ธก์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ. 

์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ vital sign ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ fundamental & second-harmonic ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ํ•„์š”.

์ด๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ unique method์ธ advanced phase unwrapping manipulation์— ์˜ํ•œ vital sign์„ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ millimeter-wave FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•จ.

Ren et al. ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ CW radar๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ๊ด‘์„ ์ƒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ambient light ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•„๋ž˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ. 

 

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,

์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ verify๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•จ.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐ.

 

Choi et al. FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋”์™€ ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ sleep apnea-hypopnea event๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋ช….

Kwon et al. IR-UWB ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ real-time์—์„œ AH ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” Hybrid CNN - LSTM (long short-term memory)๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ ("Hybrid CNN-LSTM network for real-time apnea-hypopnea event detection based on IR-UWB radar, IEEE Access(2021))

 

-> IR-UWB ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› CNN ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ถ”์ • ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

 

 

 

*Clutter : ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ค‘ ํ‘œ์ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์  ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ (M.I. Skolink(2001), "Introduction to Radar System)

 

์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ถœ์ฒ˜

https://heung-bae-lee.github.io/2020/04/21/machine_learning_11/

https://heytech.tistory.com/332

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ_์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง

 

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